ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the current Spanish and Chilean regulations regarding occupational risk prevention, regarding the existence of specific indications that protect the occupational health and safety of people over 55 years of age. METHOD: Qualitative study in which a documentary content analysis was carried out using ATLAS/ti. The sample was 88 regulatory documents on occupational risk prevention for Spain and Chile. The guidance of the European Agency for Safety at Work (EU-OSHA) regarding age-critical risks was followed. RESULTS: In global terms, 21.9% of the total Spanish documents analyzed show the explicit presence of considerations on aging, while for Chile this occurs in 9%. Both countries mention indications regarding ergonomic risks and noise. Shift work and psychosocial risks are considered only in Spain, while extreme temperatures, vibrations and geographical altitude appear exclusively in Chilean regulations. Neither country refers to issues inherent to working women (care responsibilities, menopause). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish regulations present a greater presence of indications on aging compared to the Chilean one. However, development in this area is insufficient in both countries. Chile and Spain have guides of recommendations, which are not mandatory, and their application is voluntary. This suggests that the prevention of occupational risks has a great pending challenge with people over 55 years of age.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo Analizar y comparar la normativa vigente española y chilena en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales respecto a la existencia de indicaciones específicas que protejan la seguridad y la salud laboral de las personas trabajadoras mayores de 55 años. Método Estudio cualitativo en el que se realizó un análisis documental de contenido utilizando ATLAS/ti. La muestra fue de 88 documentos normativos en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales de España y Chile. Se siguieron las orientaciones de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad en el Trabajo (EU-OSHA) respecto a los riesgos críticos para la edad. Resultados En términos globales, el 21,9% de los documentos españoles analizados muestran la presencia explícita de consideraciones sobre el envejecimiento, mientras que para Chile esto sucede en el 9%. Ambos países mencionan indicaciones ante riesgos ergonómicos y ruido. El trabajo en turnos y los riesgos psicosociales solo se consideran en España, mientras que las temperaturas extremas, las vibraciones y la altura geográfica solo en la normativa chilena. Ningún país hace referencia a temas inherentes a las mujeres que trabajan (responsabilidades de cuidado, menopausia). Conclusiones La normativa española presenta mayores indicaciones sobre envejecimiento que la chilena. Sin embargo, el desarrollo es insuficiente en ambos países. Chile y España cuentan con guías de recomendaciones, no obligatorias y de aplicación voluntaria. Esto sugiere que la prevención de riesgos laborales tiene un desafío pendiente con las personas mayores de 55 años. (AU)
Objective To analyze and compare the current Spanish and Chilean regulations regarding occupational risk prevention, regarding the existence of specific indications that protect the occupational health and safety of people over 55 years of age. Method Qualitative study in which a documentary content analysis was carried out using ATLAS/ti. The sample was 88 regulatory documents on occupational risk prevention for Spain and Chile. The guidance of the European Agency for Safety at Work (EU-OSHA) regarding age-critical risks was followed. Results In global terms, 21.9% of the total Spanish documents analyzed show the explicit presence of considerations on aging, while for Chile this occurs in 9%. Both countries mention indications regarding ergonomic risks and noise. Shift work and psychosocial risks are considered only in Spain, while extreme temperatures, vibrations and geographical altitude appear exclusively in Chilean regulations. Neither country refers to issues inherent to working women (care responsibilities, menopause). Conclusions The Spanish regulations present a greater presence of indications on aging compared to the Chilean one. However, development in this area is insufficient in both countries. Chile and Spain have guides of recommendations, which are not mandatory, and their application is voluntary. This suggests that the prevention of occupational risks has a great pending challenge with people over 55 years of age. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Health , Aging , Ageism/legislation & jurisprudence , Ageism/statistics & numerical data , Spain , Chile , Program of Risk Prevention on Working EnvironmentABSTRACT
Abstract Chile has one of the highest effective retirement ages among the countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This could be associated with retirement at older ages, as low pensions encourage people to remain active in the workforce. People undergo several changes due to the passage of time, and they have an impact on their health from a biological, psychological and social point of view. However, there is not enough knowledge on how these changes impact and interact with working, employment and health conditions of workers as they get older. This article aims to contribute to the critical debate on the extension of working life and its implications for occupational health. Some reflections in this regard are proposed based on a review of the most recent relevant literature.
Resumen Chile tiene una de las edades de retiro efectivo de la vida laboral más elevadas de los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. Esto puede deberse a que muchas personas siguen trabajando hasta avanzada edad dado que sus bajas pensiones los impulsan a mantenerse activos laboralmente. Existen diversos cambios que se producen en las personas debido al paso del tiempo y que tienen impacto en la salud desde el punto de vista biológico, psicológico y social. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no se tiene suficiente conocimiento respecto de cómo esos cambios impactan e interactúan con las condiciones de trabajo, empleo y salud de las personas a medida que envejecen. Este artículo pretende hacer un aporte al debate crítico respecto a la extensión de la vida laboral y sus implicancias en la salud laboral. Se proponen algunas reflexiones en la materia con base en una breve revisión de la literatura más reciente.
